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II. Một vài câu hỏi và gợi ý cho Sample Exam (Continue)
Question #12 (1 Point) Which of the arguments below would you use to convince your manager to organize retrospectives at the end of each release cycle?
a) Retrospectives are very popular these days and clients would appreciate it if we added them to our processes
b) Organizing retrospectives will save the organization money because without them end user representatives do not provide immediate feedback about the product
c) Process weaknesses identified during the retrospective can be analyzed and serve as a to do list for the organization’s continuous process improvement program
d) Retrospectives embrace five values including courage and respect, which are crucial to maintain continuous improvement in the organization
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Đáp án: d) Retrospectives embrace five values including courage and respect, which are crucial to maintain continuous improvement in the organization Sự khuyến khích, khích lệ và tôn trọng là giá trị Extreme Programming và không liên quan chặt chẽ đến Retrospectives
Question #13 (1 Point) Which types of failures (1-4) fit which test levels (A-D) BEST?
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Failures in system behavior as it deviates from the user’s business needs
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Failures in communication between components
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Failures in logic in a module
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Failures in not correctly implemented business rules
A. Component testing
B. Component integration testing
C. System testing
D. Acceptance testing
a) 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
b) 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A
c) 1B, 2A, 3D, 4C
d) 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Đáp án: a) 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
1D - Test basis cho kiểm thử chấp nhận là nhu cầu kinh doanh của người dùng
2B - Kiểm thử tích hợp là việc kiểm thử giữa các phần trong hệ thống
3A - Failures trong logic có thể được tìm thấy trong quá trình component testing
4C - Business rules là cơ sở thử nghiệm để system testing
Question #14 (1 Point) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of static testing?
a) Having less expensive defect management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the SDLC
b) Fixing defects found during static testing is generally much less expensive than fixing defects found during dynamic testing
c) Finding coding defects that might not have been found by only performing dynamic testing
d) Detecting gaps and inconsistencies in requirements
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Đáp án: a) Having less expensive defect management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the SDLC
b,c,d) là lợi ích của static testing
Question #15 (1 Point) Which of the following is a benefit of early and frequent feedback?
a) It improves the test process for future projects
b) It forces customers to prioritize their requirements based on agreed risks
c) It is the only way to measure the quality of changes
d) It helps avoid requirements misunderstandings
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Đáp án: d) It helps avoid requirements misunderstandings
a) Incorrect. Feedback có thể cải thiện quá trình testing, nhưng nếu chỉ muốn cải thiện các dự án trong tương lai, Feedback không cần thiết phải có sớm hoặc liên tục
b) Incorrect. Feedback không được sử dụng để ưu tiên các yêu cầu
c) Incorrect. Đánh giá chất lượng của sự thay đổi có thể được đo lường bằng nhiều cách khác nhau.
Question #16 (1 Point) The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:
There is the role of a scribe
The main purpose is to evaluate quality
The meeting is led by the author of the work product
There is individual preparation
A review report is produced
Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?
a) Informal review
b) Walkthrough
c) Technical review
d) Inspection
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Đáp án: b) Walkthrough
Question #17 (1 Point) Which of these statements is NOT a factor that contributes to successful reviews?
a) Participants should dedicate adequate time for the review
b) Splitting large work products into small parts to make the required effort less intense
c) Participants should avoid behaviors that might indicate boredom, exasperation, or hostility to other participants
d) Failures found should be acknowledged, appreciated, and handled objectively
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Đáp án: d) Failures found should be acknowledged, appreciated, and handled objectively Vì trong quá trình Reviews, chỉ có thể tìm thấy defects, chứ không phải tìm thấy failures
Question #18 (1 Point) Which of the following is a characteristic of experience-based test techniques?
a) Test cases are created based on detailed design information
b) Items tested within the interface code section are used to measure coverage
c) The techniques heavily rely on the tester’s knowledge of the software and the business domain
d) The test cases are used to identify deviations from the requirements
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Keyword: experience-based test techniques
Đáp án: c) The techniques heavily rely on the tester’s knowledge of the software and the business domain
a, b) Incorrect. Sử dụng white-box test techniques
d) Incorrect. Sử dụng black-box test techniques
Question #19 (1 Point) You are testing a simplified apartment search form which has only two search criteria:
+ floor (with three possible options: ground floor; first floor; second or higher floor)
+ garden type (with three possible options: no garden; small garden; large garden)
Only apartments on the ground floor have gardens. The form has a built-in validation mechanism that will not allow you to use the search criteria which violate this rule. Each test has two input values: floor and garden type. You want to apply equivalence partitioning (EP) to cover each floor and each garden type in your tests. What is the minimal number of test cases to achieve 100% EP coverage?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Select ONE option
**Gợi ý: **
Keyword: 100% EP coverage
Đáp án: b) 4 Chúng ta sẽ cần 4 testcases:
TC1 (ground floor, small garden)
TC2 (ground floor, large garden)
TC3 (first floor, no garden)
TC4 (second or higher floor, no garden)
Question #20 (1 Point) Your test suite achieved 100% statement coverage. What is the consequence of this fact?
a) Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once
b) Any test suite containing more test cases than your test suite will also achieve 100% statement coverage
c) Each path in the code has been executed at least once
d) Every combination of input values has been tested at least once
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Keyword: 100% statement coverage
Đáp án: a) Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once
b) Incorrect. Coverage phù hợp phụ thuộc vào nội dung được testing, không phụ thuộc vào số lượng testcase
c) Incorrect. Không thể test với vòng lặp code vô hạn ( infinite loop)
d) Incorrect. "Every combination of input values has been tested at least once" tương đương với Exhaustive testing, điều không thể xảy ra.
Question #21 (1 Point) Which of the following is NOT true for white-box testing?
a) During white-box testing the entire software implementation is considered
b) White-box coverage metrics can help identify additional tests to increase code coverage
c) White-box test techniques can be used in static testing
d) White-box testing can help identify gaps in requirements implementation
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Keyword: white-box testing
Đáp án: d) White-box testing can help identify gaps in requirements implementation bởi vì White-box test techniques dựa trên cấu trúc đối tượng kiểm thử, không dựa trên việc requirementsspecification
Question #22 (1 Point) Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?
a) Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical errors made by developers
b) Error guessing involves using your personal experience of development and the errors you made as a developer
c) Error guessing requires you to imagine that you are the user of the test object and to guess errors the user could make interacting with it
d) Error guessing requires you to rapidly duplicate the development task to identify the sort of errors a developer might make
Select ONE option.
**Gợi ý: **
Keyword: error guessing
Đáp án: a) Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical errors made by developers
Đoán lỗi -Error guessing là tester cố gắng đoán xem dev có thể đã mắc lỗi gì và issue nào có thể có trong khi testing dựa trên kinh nghiệm
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Tham khảo: https://www.istqb.org/certifications/certified-tester-foundation-level